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Biology is the overall natural science that studies life, with the other life sciences as its sub-disciplines. Some life sciences focus on a specific type of organism. For example, zoology is the study of animals, while botany is the study of plants. Other life sciences focus on aspects common to all or many life forms, such as anatomy and ...
Life arose from the Earth's first ocean, which formed some 3.8 billion years ago. [33] Since then, water continues to be the most abundant molecule in every organism. Water is important to life because it is an effective solvent , capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution .
Human biology – interdisciplinary field studying the range of humans and human populations via biology/life sciences, anthropology/social sciences, applied/medical sciences Biological anthropology – subfield of anthropology that studies the physical morphology, genetics and behavior of the human genus, other hominins and hominids across ...
Artificial life is the simulation of any aspect of life, as through computers, robotics, or biochemistry. [162] Synthetic biology is a new area of biotechnology that combines science and biological engineering. The common goal is the design and construction of new biological functions and systems not found in nature.
Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Life science is alternatively known as biology, and physical science is subdivided into branches: physics, chemistry, astronomy and Earth science. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields).
Abiology – study of inanimate, inorganic, or lifeless things. [3]Acanthochronology – Study of cactus spines and the chronology of their growth; Acanthology – study of spined things, in particular sea urchins, and the resultant impact on taxonomy [4]
The earliest evidence for life on Earth includes biogenic graphite found in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks from Western Greenland [17] and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone from Western Australia. [18] [19] More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in ...
Forest protected areas are a subset of all protected areas in which a significant portion of the area is forest. [78] This may be the whole or only a part of the protected area. [ 78 ] Globally, 18 percent of the world's forest area, or more than 700 million hectares, fall within legally established protected areas such as national parks ...