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  2. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    For example, two numbers can be multiplied just by using a logarithm table and adding. These are often known as logarithmic properties, which are documented in the table below. [2] The first three operations below assume that x = b c and/or y = b d, so that log b (x) = c and log b (y) = d. Derivations also use the log definitions x = b log b (x ...

  3. Logarithmic Sobolev inequalities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_Sobolev...

    In mathematics, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities are a class of inequalities involving the norm of a function f, its logarithm, and its gradient . These inequalities were discovered and named by Leonard Gross, who established them in dimension-independent form, [1] [2] in the context of constructive quantum field theory. Similar results were ...

  4. Natural logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm

    The natural logarithm of x is generally written as ln x, log e x, or sometimes, if the base e is implicit, simply log x. [2] [3] Parentheses are sometimes added for clarity, giving ln(x), log e (x), or log(x). This is done particularly when the argument to the logarithm is not a single symbol, so as to prevent ambiguity.

  5. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    Because log(x) is the sum of the terms of the form log(1 + 2 −k) corresponding to those k for which the factor 1 + 2 −k was included in the product P, log(x) may be computed by simple addition, using a table of log(1 + 2 −k) for all k. Any base may be used for the logarithm table. [53]

  6. Inequality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_(mathematics)

    For instance, to solve the inequality 4x < 2x + 1 ≤ 3x + 2, it is not possible to isolate x in any one part of the inequality through addition or subtraction. Instead, the inequalities must be solved independently, yielding x < ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ and x ≥ −1 respectively, which can be combined into the final solution −1x < ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠.

  7. List of inequalities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inequalities

    Bennett's inequality, an upper bound on the probability that the sum of independent random variables deviates from its expected value by more than any specified amount Bhatia–Davis inequality , an upper bound on the variance of any bounded probability distribution

  8. Barrier function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_function

    This problem is equivalent to the first. It gets rid of the inequality, but introduces the issue that the penalty function c, and therefore the objective function f(x) + c(x), is discontinuous, preventing the use of calculus to solve it. A barrier function, now, is a continuous approximation g to c that tends to infinity as x approaches b from ...

  9. Inequation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequation

    In mathematics, an inequation is a statement that an inequality holds between two values. [1] [2] It is usually written in the form of a pair of expressions denoting the values in question, with a relational sign between them indicating the specific inequality relation. Some examples of inequations are: