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1. Illustration of electrophoresis. 2. Illustration of electrophoresis retardation. Electrophoresis is the motion of charged dispersed particles or dissolved charged molecules relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. As a rule, these are zwitterions with a positive or negative net charge. [1]
For example, the mobility of the sodium ion (Na +) in water at 25 °C is 5.19 × 10 −8 m 2 /(V·s). [1] This means that a sodium ion in an electric field of 1 V/m would have an average drift velocity of 5.19 × 10 −8 m/s. Such values can be obtained from measurements of ionic conductivity in solution.
Proteins of the erythrocyte membrane separated by SDS-PAGE according to their molecular masses. SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by Ulrich K. Laemmli which is commonly used as a method to separate proteins with molecular masses between 5 and 250 kDa.
[A] pH-dependant ionisation of a weak acid [HA] and its conjugated base [A-] drawn using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation; [B] Ionisation and solubility of a pH-responsive polymer as a function of pH [C] A schematic showing the potential difference as a function of distance from the charged surface of a particle in a medium; [D] Dissolution ...
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels.Very often, CE refers to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), but other electrophoretic techniques including capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), capillary isotachophoresis and micellar ...
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a technique widely used in biochemistry, forensic chemistry, genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology to separate biological macromolecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, according to their electrophoretic mobility. Electrophoretic mobility is a function of the length, conformation, and ...
However some claim that there is no scientific base for those systems, and cite several examples for their failure. [15] Electro-osmosis can also be used for self-pumping pores powered by chemical reactions rather than electric fields. This approach, using H 2 O 2, has been demonstrated [16] and modeled with the Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations. [8]
(7), all the velocity, mobility, and frequency shifts are expressed by parabolic equations. Then the true electrophoretic mobility of a particle, the electro-osmotic mobility at the upper and lower cell walls, ware obtained. The frequency shift caused only by the electrophoresis of particles is equal to the apparent mobility at the stationary ...