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The pineal gland (also known as the pineal body [1] or epiphysis cerebri) is a small endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates. It produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone, which modulates sleep patterns following the diurnal cycles. [2] The shape of the gland resembles a pine cone, which gives it its name. [3]
Melatonin, an indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. [1] Its discovery in 1958 by Aaron B. Lerner and colleagues stemmed from the isolation of a substance from the pineal gland of cows that could induce skin lightening in common frogs.
The pineal gland is located in the diencephalon of the brain. It primarily releases melatonin, which influences daily rhythms and may have an antigonadotropic effect in humans. [citation needed] It may also influence the melanotropes and melanocytes located in the skin. [citation needed]
The eye is also connected to the tuatara’s pineal gland, which releases melatonin. Melatonin helps reptiles regulate heat. More Unique Tuatara Features.
Dr. Dasgupta explains that the pineal gland receives information about light and dark through the eyes and then produces and releases melatonin accordingly. “This means [there are] elevated ...
Melatonin synthesis is also regulated by the nervous system. Nerve fibers in the retinohypothalamic tract connect the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN stimulates the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglia that synapse with the pinealocytes.
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced in the brain that is also used as a dietary supplement and medication. [9] [12] As a hormone, melatonin is released by the pineal gland and is involved in sleep–wake cycles.
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced in the brain’s pineal gland that regulates our circadian rhythm. By acting as our body’s internal clock, it helps us know when to go to bed ...