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  2. Pre-stopped consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-stopped_consonant

    In linguistics, pre-stopping, also known as pre-occlusion or pre-plosion, is a phonological process involving the historical or allophonic insertion of a very short stop consonant before a sonorant, such as a short [d] before a nasal [n] or a lateral [l], or a short [p] before a nasal [m].

  3. Cluster reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_reduction

    A common simplification process in Chicano English is word-final cluster simplification. For example, "ward" would sound like "war," and "start" would sound like "star." [6]: 467 In Spanish, there is a sequential constraint, and /s/ clusters cannot occur at the beginning of a word. Due to this constraint, epenthesis of a vowel in a word before ...

  4. Phonological rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_rule

    A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process in linguistics.Phonological rules are commonly used in generative phonology as a notation to capture sound-related operations and computations the human brain performs when producing or comprehending spoken language.

  5. Language development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_development

    For example, children might say 'tap' instead of "stop" and completely drop the 's' sound in that word. That is a common process in children's speech development. Substitution – systematic replacement of one sound by an alternative, easier one to articulate (substitution processstopping, fronting, gliding).

  6. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1] This type of assimilation is called progressive , where the second consonant assimilates to the first; regressive assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in have to [hæftə] .

  7. Sonority sequencing principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonority_Sequencing_Principle

    A good example for the SSP in English is the one-syllable word trust: The first consonant in the syllable onset is t, which is a stop, the lowest on the sonority scale; next is r, a liquid which is more sonorous, then we have the vowel u / ʌ / – the sonority peak; next, in the syllable coda, is s, a sibilant, and last is another stop, t. The ...

  8. Phonological development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_development

    Phonological development refers to how children learn to organize sounds into meaning or language during their stages of growth. Sound is at the beginning of language learning. Children have to learn to distinguish different sounds and to segment the speech stream they are exposed to into units – eventually meaningful units – in order to ...

  9. Flapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapping

    Flapping or tapping, also known as alveolar flapping, intervocalic flapping, or t-voicing, is a phonological process involving a voiced alveolar tap or flap; it is found in many varieties of English, especially North American, Cardiff, Ulster, Australian and New Zealand English, where the voiceless alveolar stop consonant phoneme /t/ is pronounced as a voiced alveolar flap [ɾ], a sound ...