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The main ingredients of an electroless nickel plating bath are source of nickel cations Ni 2+, usually nickel sulfate and a suitable reducing agent, such as hypophosphite H 2 PO − 2 or borohydride BH − 4. [1] With hypophosphite, the main reaction that produces the nickel plating yields orthophosphite H 2 PO − 3, elemental phosphorus ...
"Black nickel" is a dark coating that consists primarily of nickel sulfide and metallic zinc and nickel. [14] It is typically plated on brass, bronze, or steel in order to produce a non-reflective surface. [15] This type of plating is used for decorative and military purposes and does not offer much protection. [1] [2] [15]
Electroless nickel plating uses nickel salts as the metal cation source and either hypophosphite (H 2 PO 2-) (or a borohydride-like compound) as a reducer. [5] A side reaction forms elemental phosphorus (or boron) which is incorporated in the coating. The classical deposition methods follows the following steps:
It consists of an electroless nickel plating, covered with a thin layer of gold, which protects the nickel from oxidation. The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts. Some of the nickel is oxidized to Ni 2+ while the gold is reduced to metallic state.
Electroless nickel-boron plating developed as a variant of the similar nickel-phosphorus process, discovered accidentally by Charles Adolphe Wurtz in 1844. [2]In 1969, Harold Edward Bellis from DuPont filed a patent for a general class of electroless plating processes using sodium borohydride, dimethylamine borane, or sodium hypophosphite, in the presence of thallium salts, thus producing a ...
Nickel plating may refer to: Nickel electroplating , a technique of electroplating a thin layer of nickel onto a metal object Electroless nickel-phosphorus plating , an auto-catalytic chemical technique used to deposit a layer of nickel-phosphorus on a solid workpiece
Black nickel plating was developed around 1905, and between the two wars, black chrome plating (first German patent 1929.GP 607, 420), which saw wider use only from the mid-1950s. [14] After the First World War, the first procedures for anodic oxidation and coloring of anodically oxidized aluminium were developed (1923, 1924.DRP. 413876).
The processed surface is then coated with electroless copper or nickel before further plating. This process gives useful (about 1 to 6 kgf /cm or 10 to 60 N /cm or 5 to 35 lbf /in) adhesion force, but is much weaker than actual metal-to-metal adhesion strength.
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