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The active future perfect periphrastic tense is not found, but the passive occurs: cum aedificandum fuerit, ante biennium ea saxa eximantur (Vitruvius) [13] 'whenever (at some future time) it is necessary for a building to be made (using local stone), the stones for it should be quarried two years in advance'
These structures constitute a future tense. In many cases, an auxiliary verb is used, as in English, where futurity is often indicated by the modal auxiliary will (or shall). However, some languages combine such an auxiliary with the main verb to produce a simple (one-word, morphological) future tense.
In a future conditional, the protasis usually has one of the future tenses, where English has the simple present. In the following, the simple future tense is used: sī enim erit bellum, cum Pompeiō esse cōnstituī (Cicero) [51] 'if there is (lit. will be) a war, I have decided to be with Pompey' experiar et dīcam, sī poterō, plānius ...
The future indicative has various endings depending on the verb. First conjugation verbs and eō and its compounds have a future ending in -bō (passive -bor); sum and its compounds have a future ending in -erō; other verbs have a future ending in -am (passive -ar): 1st conjugation: amābō 'I will love' (-bō, -bis, -bit, -bimus, -bitis, -bunt)
There are four participles: present active, perfect passive, future active, and future passive (= the gerundive). The present active participle is declined as a 3rd declension adjective. The ablative singular is -e, but the plural follows the i-stem declension with genitive -ium and neuter plural -ia.
The present tense used in the condition clause may take the form of the simple present as in the above examples, or the present progressive, present perfect or present perfect progressive as appropriate (according to general principles for uses of English verb forms): If he is sleeping when we arrive, we shan't wake him. (present progressive)
However, the term "future tense" is sometimes applied to periphrastic constructions involving modals such as will, shall, and to be going to. For specific uses of future constructions formed with will/shall, see the sections below on simple future, future progressive, future perfect, and future perfect progressive. Don't go near that bomb!
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]