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The city, known alternatively in Ottoman Turkish as Ḳosṭanṭīnīye (قسطنطينيه after the Arabic form al-Qusṭanṭīniyyah القسطنطينية) or Istanbul, while its Christian minorities continued to call it Constantinople, as did people writing in French, English, and other European languages, was the capital of the Ottoman ...
Constantinople [a] (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453 ...
6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. [5] Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. [6] Medrese predecessor of Istanbul University established. Population: 40,000–50,000; 1454
The Topkapı Palace where the map was discovered, viewed from the Bosporus. Much of Piri Reis's biography is known only from his cartographic works, including his two world maps and the Kitab-ı Bahriye (Book of Maritime Matters) [5] completed in 1521. [6]
Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century, [ 3 ] a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone . [ 4 ]
Map of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), designed in 1422 by Florentine cartographer Cristoforo Buondelmonti. This is the oldest surviving map of the city, and the only surviving map that predates the Turkish conquest of 1453. The Bosporus is visible along the right-hand side of the map, wrapping vertically around the historic city.
In 1929, Turkish government advocated for the use of Istanbul in English instead of Constantinople. [30] The U.S. State Department began using "Istanbul" in May 1930. [31] Names other than استانبول (İstanbul) had become obsolete in the Turkish language after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. [15]
Map of Constantinople in the Byzantine Era (before the Ottoman conquest) Sultan Bayezid I considered taking Constantinople, but he was occupied with wars in the west and east and did not want to divert significant forces to storm the well-fortified city. He decided to take Constantinople by force, and for seven years, beginning in 1394, he ...