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Romosozumab, sold under the brand name Evenity (/ ɪ ˈ v ɛ n ɪ t i / ih-VENN-ih-tee or with the pin-pen merger, / ɪ ˈ v ɪ n ɪ t i / ih-VINN-ih-tee), is a medication used to treat osteoporosis. [7] [8] It has been found to decrease the risk of fractures of the spine. [7] Common side effects include headache, joint pain, and injection site ...
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of total homocysteine (that is, including homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine disulfide) in the blood, conventionally described as above 15 μmol/L. [1]
Long-term treatment with bisphosphonates produces anti-fracture and bone mineral density effects that persist for 3–5 years after an initial 3–5 years of treatment. [2] The bisphosphonate alendronate reduces the risk of hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures by 35-39%; zoledronate reduces the risk of hip fractures by 38% and of vertebral ...
Denosumab, sold under the brand name Prolia among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. [21] [22] The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. [23]
These include osteoporosis, high blood calcium due to cancer, bone breakdown due to cancer, Paget's disease of bone [3] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It is given by injection into a vein. [3] Common side effects include fever, joint pain, high blood pressure, diarrhea, and feeling tired. [3]
Treatment may include intravenous fluids, furosemide, calcitonin, intravenous bisphosphonate, in addition to treating the underlying cause. [1] [2] The evidence for furosemide use, however, is poor. [1] In those with very high levels, hospitalization may be required. [1] Haemodialysis may be used in those who do not respond to other treatments. [1]
In the early 2000s, a link between bisphosphonate use and impaired bone physiology was noted. [3] [4] The strong inhibition of osteoclast function precipitated by bisphosphonate therapy can lead to inhibition of normal bone turnover, leading to impaired wound healing following trauma (such as dental surgery) or even spontaneous non-healing bone exposure.
Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog medication used to treat osteoporosis. [2] It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent. [4] The most common side effects include hypercalciuria (high calcium levels in the urine) and dizziness. [3]