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Viral diseases; Alfalfa mosaic genus Alfamovirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV): Andean potato mottle genus Comovirus, Andean potato mottle virus-pepper strain (APMoV) : Beet curly top
Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes blight and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops.It was first described by L. Leonian at the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station in Las Cruces in 1922 on a crop of chili peppers.
Pepper leaf curl virus (PepLCV) is a DNA virus from the genus Begomovirus and the family Geminiviridae.PepLCV causes severe disease especially in pepper (Capsicum spp.).It can be found in tropical and subtropical regions such as Thailand and India, but has also been detected in countries such as the United States and Nigeria.
A view of an infected pepper . Colletotrichum capsici has a broad host range but prefers peppers, yams and eggplants. On chili peppers, Capsicum annuum L., C. capsici infect the stem, fruit, and leaves of the plant, causing anthracnose, die-back and ripe fruit rot.
The same bacteria also cause wilt diseases of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), aubergine (eggplant) (Solanum melongena), banana (Musa species), geranium (Pelargonium species), ginger (Zingiber officinale), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), sweet peppers (Capsicum species), olive (Olea europea), and others.
It is a destructive disease of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals found worldwide, and affects genera from nearly all the plant families. The bacteria mainly attack the fleshy storage organs of their hosts ( tubers , corms , bulbs , and rhizomes ), but they also affect succulent buds, stems, and petiole tissues.
Another important management method is to eliminate volunteer plants (plants that grow without being specifically planted or managed by farmers) as wild pepper and tomato plants can harbor the disease in warmer climates. [5] Currently, the most effective treatment for bacterial spot of pepper and tomato is a combination of chemical applications.
Ralstonia solanacearum can overwinter in plant debris or diseased plants, wild hosts, seeds, or vegetative propagative organs (other germplasm) like tubers. The bacteria can survive for a long time in water (up to 40 years at 20–25 °C (68–77 °F) in pure water), and the bacterial population is reduced in extreme conditions (temperature, pH ...