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A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. [1] It is the repeating unit between two Z-lines. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (called muscle fibers or myofibers) which are formed during embryonic myogenesis .
The sarcolemma (sarco (from sarx) from Greek; flesh, and lemma from Greek; sheath), also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fibre or a cardiomyocyte.
The calcium drives the movement of myosin and actin filaments. The sarcomere then shortens which causes the muscle to contract. [3] In the skeletal muscles connected to tendons that pull on bones, the mysia fuses to the periosteum that coats the bone. Contraction of the muscle will transfer to the mysia, then the tendon and the periosteum ...
Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.It is comparable to the cytoplasm of other cells, but it contains unusually large amounts of glycogen (a polymer of glucose), myoglobin, a red-colored protein necessary for binding oxygen molecules that diffuse into muscle fibers, and mitochondria.
In addition to sarcomere activity, it has been shown that myomesin also plays a role in the assembly of the sarcomere. In order for myomesin to be implemented into the sarcomere, myosin and titin must be present, indicating that myomesin is the last component to be added during assembly of the lattice.
A new study has linked visceral fat around the midsection with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease
The costamere is a structural-functional component of striated muscle cells [1] which connects the sarcomere of the muscle to the cell membrane (i.e. the sarcolemma). [ 2 ] Costameres are sub-sarcolemmal protein assemblies circumferentially aligned in register with the Z-disk of peripheral myofibrils .
The names of the various sub-regions of the sarcomere are based on their relatively lighter or darker appearance when viewed through the light microscope. Each sarcomere is delimited by two very dark colored bands called Z-discs or Z-lines (from the German zwischen meaning between). These Z-discs are dense protein discs that do not easily allow ...