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  2. Alveolar–arterial gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar–arterial_gradient

    A low PaO 2 indicates that the patient's current minute ventilation (whether high or normal) is not enough to allow adequate oxygen diffusion into the blood. Therefore, the A–a gradient essentially demonstrates a high respiratory effort (low arterial PaCO 2) relative to the achieved level of oxygenation (arterial PaO 2). A high A–a gradient ...

  3. Anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_gap

    In the largest study published to date, featuring over 12,000 data sets, Figge, Bellomo and Egi [18] demonstrated that the anion gap, when used to detect critical levels of lactate (greater than 4 mEq/L), exhibited a sensitivity of only 70.4%. In contrast, the albumin-corrected anion gap demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.0%.

  4. Urine anion gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_anion_gap

    Urine anion gap is calculated by subtracting the urine concentration of chloride from the concentrations of sodium plus potassium (): [3] = [+] + [+] [] where the concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L).

  5. Serum-ascites albumin gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum-ascites_albumin_gradient

    A high gradient (> 1.1 g/dL, >11 g/L) indicates the ascites is due to portal hypertension, either liver related or non-liver related, with approximately 97% accuracy. [2] This is due to increased hydrostatic pressure within the blood vessels of the hepatic portal system , which in turn forces water into the peritoneal cavity but leaves proteins ...

  6. Serum total protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_total_protein

    Serum total protein, also known as total protein, is a clinical chemistry parameter representing the concentration of protein in serum. [1] Serum contains many proteins including serum albumin, a variety of globulins, and many others.

  7. Basic metabolic panel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_metabolic_panel

    A basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a blood test consisting of a set of seven or eight biochemical tests and is one of the most common lab tests ordered by health care providers.

  8. Delta ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Ratio

    Mathematically, if the change in the numerator is similar to the change in the denominator, the delta ratio will be close to 1. Since the anions are unable to diffuse out of the bloodstream, while bicarbonate and hydrogen ions diffuse with ease (as H 2 CO 3, carbonic acid), the usual result will be closer to a delta ratio of 1 to 2.

  9. Albuminuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuminuria

    Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine (>30 mg per day). It is a type of proteinuria.Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only trace amounts of it are present in urine, whereas larger amounts occur in the urine of patients with kidney disease.