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Chronic paronychia is an infection of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a finger or, less commonly, a toe, lasting more than six weeks. [4] It is a nail disease prevalent in individuals whose hands or feet are subject to moist local environments, and is often due to contact dermatitis .
Paronychia is a bacterial or fungal infection where the nail and skin meet. Koilonychia is when the nail curves upwards (becomes spoon-shaped) due to an iron deficiency. The normal process of change is: brittle nails, straight nails, spoon-shaped nails.
Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail or the toenail. [1] They may look like indentations or ridges in the nail plate. [2]: 657 This condition of the nail was named by a French physician, Joseph Honoré Simon Beau (1806–1865), who first described it in 1846.
The seal between the nail and finger acts as a physical barrier to prevent infection, however hyper-hydration or destruction of the epidermis can impair the barrier, allowing the bacteria to colonise. [medical citation needed] The nail turns green due to the bacteria secreting pigments such as pyocyanin [3] [4] and pyoverdin. [9]
Thus, in humans, the nail of the index finger grows faster than that of the little finger; and fingernails grow up to four times faster than toenails. [ 10 ] In humans, fingernails grow at an average rate of approx. 3.5 mm (0.14 in) a month, whereas toenails grow about half as fast (approx. average 1.6 mm (0.063 in) a month). [ 11 ]
Periungual warts are warts that cluster around the fingernail or toenail. They appear as thickened, fissured cauliflower-like skin around the nail plate. Periungual warts often cause loss of the cuticle and paronychia. Nail biting increases susceptibility to these warts. [1]
A hangnail is a small, torn piece of skin or nail next to a fingernail or toenail. [1] Hangnails are typically caused by having dry skin , trauma to the fingers, or ingrown nails . [ 1 ]
Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital, mostly of the heart and lungs. [2] [3] When it occurs together with joint effusions, joint pains, and abnormal skin and bone growth it is known as hypertrophic ...