Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
To use these models, traders input information such as the stock price, strike price, time to expiration, interest rate and volatility to calculate an option’s theoretical price. To find implied ...
To determine the cheapest bond in a basket of deliverable bonds against a futures contract, implied repo rate is computed for each bond; the bond with the highest repo rate is the cheapest. It is the cheapest because it has the lowest initial value to yield a higher return provided it is delivered with the stated futures price.
A non-option financial instrument that has embedded optionality, such as an interest rate cap, can also have an implied volatility. Implied volatility, a forward-looking and subjective measure, differs from historical volatility because the latter is calculated from known past returns of a security.
The implied volatility under the Bachelier model can be obtained by an accurate numerical approximation. [ 4 ] For an extensive review of the Bachelier model, see the review paper, A Black-Scholes User's Guide to the Bachelier Model [ 5 ] , which summarizes the results on volatility conversion, risk management, stochastic volatility, and ...
The volatilities in the market for 90 days are 18% and for 180 days 16.6%. In our notation we have , = 18% and , = 16.6% (treating a year as 360 days). We want to find the forward volatility for the period starting with day 91 and ending with day 180.
Given: 0.5-year spot rate, Z1 = 4%, and 1-year spot rate, Z2 = 4.3% (we can get these rates from T-Bills which are zero-coupon); and the par rate on a 1.5-year semi-annual coupon bond, R3 = 4.5%. We then use these rates to calculate the 1.5 year spot rate. We solve the 1.5 year spot rate, Z3, by the formula below:
In the above formulae: is the length of time per step in the tree and is simply time to maturity divided by the number of time steps; is the risk-free interest rate over this maturity; is the corresponding volatility of the underlying; is its corresponding dividend yield.
In finance, the Heston model, named after Steven L. Heston, is a mathematical model that describes the evolution of the volatility of an underlying asset. [1] It is a stochastic volatility model: such a model assumes that the volatility of the asset is not constant, nor even deterministic, but follows a random process.