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The discrimination moved into more subtle techniques, including racial steering and misinformation given to African American prospective buyers. Although these laws exist in theory, they have not accomplished their goal of eradicating discrimination based on race in the housing market.
The Fair Housing Amendment Act of 1988 did make a system of administrative law judges to hear housing discrimination cases to help against the illegal actions. Other examples of federal legislation may include increased federal legislation enforcement, scattered-site housing, [21] or state and local enforcement on a more concentrated level. [81]
Racial segregation in Atlanta has known many phases after the freeing of the slaves in 1865: a period of relative integration of businesses and residences; Jim Crow laws and official residential and de facto business segregation after the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906; blockbusting and black residential expansion starting in the 1950s; and gradual integration from the late 1960s onwards.
Of the 49 public housing units constructed before World War II, 43 projects supported by the Public Works Administration and 236 of 261 projects supported by the U.S. Housing Authority were segregated by race. [20] Anti-discrimination laws passed after World War II led to a reduction in racial segregation for a short period of time, but as ...
Phillips says the hatred among the local white population, both in 1912 and 1987, was widespread. ... He lost his bid for the Georgia state Senate, but he says he was encouraged by moments of ...
Collectively, these state laws were called the Jim Crow system, after the name of a stereotypical 1830s black minstrel show character. [79] Sometimes, as in Florida's Constitution of 1885, segregation was mandated by state constitutions. Racial segregation became the law in most parts of the American South until the Civil Rights Movement in
This history suggests that it's time for the federal government to follow the lead of local and state housing activists and create programs that recognize housing is a right not a commodity.
The drawing of school districts is rooted in real estate redlining, a form of lending discrimination against Black families that began in the 1930s. Banks in the U.S. denied mortgages to people of ...