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Hemiparesis, also called unilateral paresis, is the weakness of one entire side of the body (hemi-means "half"). Hemiplegia, in its most severe form, is the complete paralysis of one entire side of the body.
Weakness is a symptom of many different medical conditions. [1] The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy .
Gowers's sign is a medical sign that indicates weakness of the proximal muscles, namely those of the lower limb. The sign describes a patient that has to use their hands and arms to "walk" up their own body from a squatting position due to lack of hip and thigh muscle strength. It is named after William Richard Gowers. [1] [2]
Differential diagnosis Head trauma, Tumor, Stroke Focal neurologic signs , also known as focal neurological deficits or focal CNS signs , are impairments of nerve , spinal cord , or brain function that affects a specific region of the body, e.g. weakness in the left arm, the right leg, paresis , or plegia .
Diagnosis of neurogenic claudication is based on typical clinical features, the physical exam, and findings of spinal stenosis on computer tomography (CT) or X-ray imaging. [1] In addition to vascular claudication, diseases affecting the spine and musculoskeletal system should be considered in the differential diagnosis. [9]
As the pain subsides, weakness usually appears. In addition, chronicle progressive weakness of one leg suggests a tumor of the spinal cord of the lumbar plexus. Fever is often the first symptom of lumbar plexus paralysis, followed by pain in one or both legs. The pain has an abrupt onset and may occur in a femoral or sciatic distribution.
Strength – weakness is limited to segmental or focal pattern, Root innervated pattern [clarification needed] The extensor plantar reflex (Babinski sign) is usually absent. Muscle paresis/paralysis, hypotonia/atonia, and hyporeflexia/areflexia are usually seen immediately following an insult.
A diagnosis of a functional neurological disorder is dependent on positive features from the history and examination. [19] Positive features of functional weakness on examination include Hoover's sign, when there is weakness of hip extension which normalizes with contralateral hip flexion. [20]