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In some cities, including Rome, Istanbul (Constantinople) and Fustat, networked ancient sewer systems continue to function today as collection systems for those cities' modernized sewer systems. Instead of flowing to a river or the sea, the pipes have been re-routed to modern sewer treatment facilities.
The Ancient Roman Empire used sophisticated aqueduct and waste removal systems throughout their empire. [6] Utilizing the Cloaca Maxima, the engineers of Ancient Rome created a vast network of sewers. [7] The Cloaca Maxima emptied into the Tiber River, resulting in extreme pollution. This pollution led to the contamination of the drinking water ...
The publicly owned Scottish Water is appointed by Scottish ministers, [18] and overseen by the Water Industry Commission for Scotland, [19] although it has no direct voting power for customers. [20] In Scotland, it was thought that competition in sewer and water services could pose a public health risk. [21]
The Sewerage (Scotland) Act 1968 (c. 47) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which required every local authority in Scotland to provide a network of sewers to ensure that domestic sewage, surface water and trade effluent was effectively drained from their area, and to construct sewage treatment works or other facilities to deal with the contents of those sewers.
In 1822 a commission of sewers was established and over the next 20 years built 30 miles of sewers, but these were for surface water drainage only, houses did not connect to their drains. [25] William Henry Duncan (1805–1863) was Medical Officer of Health (1847-1863). He was the first Medical Officer anywhere in the UK.
The economic water industry regulator is the Water Industry Commission for Scotland, which "promotes the interests of water and sewerage customers in Scotland by making sure that householders and businesses receive a high-quality service and value for money by setting prices, monitoring Scottish Water's performance and facilitating competition ...
Archaeologists uncover a centuries-old Hermes statue in a well-preserved condition in an ancient Roman sewer in Bulgaria, revealing historic secrets.
The link between water and disease was still not well established and in 1873 the president of the New York board of health declared that "although rivers are great natural sewers, and receive the drainage of towns and cities the natural process of purification, in most cases destroys the offensive bodies derived from sewer and renders them ...