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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems , one leader is head of state and head of government . In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems , the head of state and the head of government are different people.
These are the approximate categories which present monarchies fall into: [citation needed]. Commonwealth realms.King Charles III is the monarch of fifteen Commonwealth realms (Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the United ...
According to the oral tradition of the Miskitus, centuries ago, a group of people who were led by their warrior leader Miskut, emigrated from northern South America, traveled the Caribbean coast and settled on the continent, in a place where a river, a lagoon and the sea converged. They called this site Sitawala, the river would later be called ...
Dictators or leaders of one-party states, whether popularly elected or not, are also often called presidents. The presidential system is the dominant form of government in Latin America and is also popular in Sub-Saharan Africa. By contrast, there are very few presidential republics in Europe (with Cyprus and Turkey being the only examples).
This is a list of currently reigning constituent monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs. Each monarch reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective ...
A codified constitution is a constitution that is contained in a single document, which is the single source of constitutional law in a state. An uncodified constitution is one that is not contained in a single document, but consists of several different sources, which may be written or unwritten.
The constitution recognizes the right of "traditional authorities" to operate by and amend systems of customary law, and directs the courts to apply these laws as applicable. It also empowers the national and provincial legislatures to formally establish houses for and councils of traditional leaders.