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The Wechsler intelligence scales were originally developed from earlier intelligence scales by David Wechsler.David Wechsler, using the clinical and statistical skills he gained under Charles Spearman and as a World War I psychology examiner, crafted a series of intelligence tests.
[127] [128] These values are similar to the accepted variance in IQ explained by a similar single factor known as the general factor of intelligence in humans (40-50%). [129] However, results from a recent meta-analysis suggest that the average correlation between performance scores on various cognitive tasks is only 0.18. [ 130 ]
The general factor of intelligence, or g factor, is a psychometric construct that summarizes the correlations observed between an individual's scores on various measures of cognitive abilities. First described in humans, the g factor has since been identified in a number of nonhuman species.
A common test of intelligence is the detour test, where a glass barrier between the bird and an item such as food is used in the setup. Most mammals discover that the objective is reached by first going away from the target.
Encephalization quotient (EQ), encephalization level (EL), or just encephalization is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between observed and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, based on nonlinear regression on a range of reference species.
Pigs are among the most intelligent mammals on the planet; as such, they display a wide range of complex behaviors, like being able to play video games, understanding human instructions and even a pig species has been observed using tools.
The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intelligence testing.
In particular, assuming that intelligence is a physical process that acts to maximize the diversity of a system's accessible futures, [7] a fundamental motivation for the zoo hypothesis would be that premature contact would "unintelligently" reduce the overall diversity of paths the universe itself could take.