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2. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_cardiac...

   Minimally invasive cardiac surgery, encompasses various aspects of cardiac surgical procedures (aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, coronary artery bypass surgery, ascending aorta or aortic root surgery) that can be performed with minimally invasive approach either via mini-thoracotomy or mini-sternotomy.

3. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally_endoscopic...

   Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery (TECAB) is an entirely endoscopic robotic surgery used to treat coronary heart disease, developed in the late 1990s. It is an advanced form of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery , which allows bypass surgery to be conducted off-pump without opening the ribcage.

4. Valve replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_replacement

   Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair .

5. Aortic valvuloplasty - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valvuloplasty

   Guidelines and indications are specific to different patient populations. For adults with aortic stenosis, guidelines suggest that balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is to be used as a temporary procedure to improve blood flow through the aortic valve to alleviate symptoms and stabilize clinically before having more invasive procedures done, including aortic valve replacement (AVR) or ...

6. Aortic valve replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_replacement

   Aortic valve replacement is a cardiac surgery procedure whereby a failing aortic valve is replaced with an artificial heart valve. The aortic valve may need to be replaced because of aortic regurgitation (back flow), or if the valve is narrowed by stenosis .

7. Apicoaortic conduit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicoaortic_Conduit

   Computational flow studies [21] conclude that the presence of an aortic valve bypass conduit has no effect on cerebral blood flow. All blood flow to the brain continues to flow across the native valve. Should a thrombus form on the bioprosthetic valve in the bypass conduit, it will likely migrate to the lower half of the body and not to the brain.