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Terrain (from Latin: terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution.
Sergeant Chris D. Washington checking his Topographic map during a morning deer hunt in Kilgore, Texas A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines Part of the same map in a perspective shaded relief view illustrating how the contour lines follow the terrain Sheet #535 (2013 version; second digital edition) of MTN50 Spanish National Topographic map series, covering Algete town (near ...
Common synonyms for geomorphometry are geomorphological analysis (after geomorphology), terrain morphometry, terrain analysis, and land surface analysis. Geomorphometrics is the discipline based on the computational measures of the geometry , topography and shape of the Earth's horizons, and their temporal change. [ 2 ]
Badlands – Type of heavily eroded terrain; Bornhardt – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock; Butte – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs; Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface; Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion
Terrain is commonly modelled either using vector (triangulated irregular network or TIN) or gridded (raster image) mathematical models. In the most applications in environmental sciences, land surface is represented and modelled using gridded models. In civil engineering and entertainment businesses, the most representations of land surface ...
John Edward Marr in his The Scientific Study of Scenery [23] considered his book as, 'an Introductory Treatise on Geomorphology, a subject which has sprung from the union of Geology and Geography'. An early popular geomorphic model was the geographical cycle or cycle of erosion model of broad-scale landscape evolution developed by William ...
Terrain rendering is widely used in computer games to represent both Earth's surface and imaginary worlds. Some games also have terrain deformation (or deformable terrain). One important application of terrain rendering is in synthetic vision systems. Pilots flying aircraft benefit greatly from the ability to see terrain surface at all times ...
Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, mountains, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, [3] including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great oceanic basins.