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2. Lime softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

   Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.

3. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Lime softening is the process in which lime is added to hard water to make it softer. It has several advantages [further explanation needed] over the ion-exchange method but is mainly suited to commercial treatment applications. [13]

4. Hydraulic lime - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_lime

   John Smeaton is credited with pioneering hydraulic lime in the 18th century, which led to the development of Portland cement and thus modern concrete. Painting by John Lynn. Painting by John Lynn. Hydraulic lime (HL) is a general term for a variety of lime different from calcium oxide (quicklime), that sets by hydration and consists of calcium ...

5. Carbonatation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatation

   Carbonatation is a slow process that occurs in concrete where lime (CaO, or Ca(OH) 2 ) in the cement reacts with carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the air and forms calcium carbonate. The water in the pores of Portland cement concrete is normally alkaline with a pH in the range of 12.5 to 13.5.

6. Calcium hydroxide - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide

   Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca 2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water. Annually, approximately 125 million tons of calcium hydroxide are produced worldwide. [8]

7. Cement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement

   The chemical reaction results in mineral hydrates that are not very water-soluble. This allows setting in wet conditions or under water and further protects the hardened material from chemical attack. The chemical process for hydraulic cement was found by ancient Romans who used volcanic ash with added lime (calcium oxide).