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However, many amphibian declines or extinctions have occurred in pristine habitats where the above effects are not likely to occur. The causes of these declines are complex, but many can be attributed to emerging diseases, climate change, increased ultraviolet-B radiation, or long-distance transmission of chemical contaminants by wind ...
Habitat destruction leading to climate change offsets the balance of species keeping up with the extinction threshold leading to a higher likelihood of extinction. [45] Habitat loss is one of the main environmental causes of the decline of biodiversity on local, regional, and global scales.
Additionally, 1193 amphibian species (16.4% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. [ 3 ]
Climate change in Africa is an increasingly serious threat as Africa is among the most vulnerable continents to the effects of climate change. [1] [2] [3] Some sources even classify Africa as "the most vulnerable continent on Earth". [4] [5] Climate change and climate variability will likely reduce agricultural production, food security and ...
Climate change conditions such as increase in atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide concentration directly affect availability of biomass energy, food, fiber and other ecosystem services. [117] Degradation of species supplying such products directly affect the livelihoods of people relying on them more so in Africa. [118]
Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population declines or extinctions of amphibian species in western North America, Central America, South America, eastern Australia, east Africa , [1] and Dominica and Montserrat in the Caribbean. Much of the New World is also at risk of the disease arriving within the coming years. [2]
The main causes of water scarcity in Africa are physical and economic water scarcity, rapid population growth, and the effects of climate change on the water cycle. Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand . [ 55 ]
By 2008, deforestation in Africa was estimated to be occurring at twice the world average rate, according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). [5] [6] [7] Some sources claim that deforestation has already wiped out roughly 90% of West Africa's original forests. [8] [9] Today, deforestation is accelerating in Central Africa. [10]