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Ruthenium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ru O 2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium . It is widely used as an electrocatalyst for producing chlorine, chlorine oxides, and O 2 . [ 1 ]
Electronics is the largest use of ruthenium. [23] Ru metal is particularly nonvolatile, which is advantageous in microelectronic devices. Ru and its main oxide RuO 2 have comparable electrical resistivities. [70] Copper can be directly electroplated onto ruthenium, [71] particular applications include barrier layers, transistor gates, and ...
Ruthenium can be oxidized to ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO 2, oxidation state +4), which can, in turn, be oxidized by sodium metaperiodate to the volatile yellow tetrahedral ruthenium tetroxide, RuO 4, an aggressive, strong oxidizing agent with structure and properties analogous to osmium tetroxide.
The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from -2 ([Ru(CO) 4] 2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4] −). Most common are those in the 2+ oxidation state, as illustrated below.
The medical success of cisplatin is conflicted as a result of severe side effects. Platinum metals extracted during the mining and smelting process can also cause significant environmental impacts. In Zimbabwe, a study showed that platinum group mining caused significant environmental risks, such as pollution in water sources, acidic water ...
Ruthenium oxide may refer to either of the following: Ruthenium(IV) oxide, RuO 2; Ruthenium(VIII) oxide, RuO 4 This page was last edited on 13 May 2022 ...
Ruthenium anti-cancer drugs are coordination complexes of ruthenium complexes that have anticancer properties. They promise to provide alternatives to platinum -based drugs for anticancer therapy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Triruthenium carbonyl complexes containing maltol, ethylmaltol, N-phenyl and N-benzyl 4-pyridones show excellent anticancer activity.
Phase behavior Triple point? K (? °C), ? Pa Critical point? K (? °C), ? Pa Std enthalpy change of fusionΔ fus H o? kJ/mol Std entropy change of fusionΔ fus S oJ/(mol·K)
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