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Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, dry mouth, low blood pressure upon standing, and increased weight. [6] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia , neuroleptic malignant syndrome , severe lowering of the seizure threshold , and low white blood cell levels . [ 6 ]
Side effects are not common, but the use of acepromazine in stallions should be used with caution (but is not absolutely contraindicated) due to the risk of paraphimosis and priapism. [ 6 ] Acepromazine also lowers blood pressure, and should therefore be used with caution in horses that are experiencing anemia , dehydration , shock , or colic .
There are few side effects, other than vomiting, with short-term use. [1] [2] With long-term use anemia or numbness may occur. [2] It should always be given with at least 21% oxygen. [2] It is not recommended in people with a bowel obstruction or pneumothorax. [2] Use in the early part of pregnancy is not recommended. [1]
An anxiolytic (/ ˌ æ ŋ k s i ə ˈ l ɪ t ɪ k, ˌ æ ŋ k s i oʊ-/; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) [1] is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety.This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety.
In clinical practice, this means that it takes 4 to 5 times the half-life for a drug's serum concentration to reach steady state after regular dosing is started, stopped, or the dose changed. So, for example, digoxin has a half-life (or t 1 / 2 ) of 24–36 h; this means that a change in the dose will take the best part of a week to ...
Clinical research suggests that SSRIs may have a biphasic response, with research suggesting that citalopram may have immediate anxiogenic effects from one dosage but long-term anxiolytic effects after three dosages in mice, [14] supporting clinical findings of exacerbated anxiety preceding the beneficial effects from SSRIs.
Tofisopam [3] (Emandaxin, Grandaxin, Sériel) is an anxiolytic that is marketed in several European countries. [4] Chemically, it is a 2,3-benzodiazepine. Unlike other anxiolytic benzodiazepines (which are generally 1,4- or 1,5-substituted) however, tofisopam does not have anticonvulsant, sedative, [5] skeletal muscle relaxant, motor skill-impairing or amnestic [6] properties.
Its effects last for between four hours and two days. [6] [7] Potentially serious side effects include a decreased level of consciousness and respiratory depressant. [6] There is potential for both abuse and withdrawal following long-term use. [6] It may also increase the risk of suicide. [6]