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An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem.Secondary extinctions are likely to occur when the threatened species are: dependent on a few specific food sources, mutualistic (dependent on the key species in some way), or forced to coexist with an invasive species that is introduced to the ecosystem.
A cascade effect is an inevitable and sometimes unforeseen chain of events due to an act affecting a system. [1] If there is a possibility that the cascade effect will have a negative impact on the system, it is possible to analyze the effects with a consequence / impact analysis .
Adenosine may have opposite effects on bone metabolism, because while certain purinergic receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, others have the opposite effect. [ 58 ] [ 59 ] Under certain circumstances adenosine stimulates bone destruction and in other situations it promotes bone formation, depending on the purinergic receptor that is ...
Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed. For example, a top-down cascade will occur if predators are effective enough in predation to reduce the abundance, or alter the behavior of their prey, thereby releasing the next lower trophic level from predation (or herbivory if the intermediate ...
Cascade reactions are often key steps in the efficient total synthesis of complex natural products. The key step in Heathcock's synthesis of dihydroprotodaphniphylline features a highly efficient cascade involving two aldehyde/amine condensations, a Prins-like cyclization, and a 1,5-hydride transfer to afford a pentacyclic structure from an acyclic starting material.
The effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are determined by cellular context. There are three kinds of contextual factors that determine the shape the TGF-β response: the signal transduction components, the transcriptional cofactors and the epigenetic state of the cell. The different ligands and receptors of TGF-β are significant ...
A facilitation cascade is a sequence of ecological interactions that occur when a species benefits a second species that in turn has a positive effect on a third species. [1] These facilitative interactions can take the form of amelioration of environmental stress and/or provision of refuge from predation .
When a keystone species, such as a top predator, is removed from a community or ecosystem, an ecological cascade effect can occur through which a series of secondary extinctions take place. Keystone predators are responsible for the control of prey densities, and their removal can result in an increase in one or a number of predators, consumers ...