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This is a list of the power supply systems that are, or have been, used for railway electrification. Note that the voltages are nominal and vary depending on load and distance from the substation. As of 2023 many trams and trains use on-board solid-state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC traction motors.
The Jungfrau Railway, the highest in Europe, uses three-phase electric power between two overhead lines and the rails. Various railway electrification systems in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries utilised three-phase, rather than single-phase electric power delivery due to ease of design of both power supply and locomotives. These ...
A third rail, also known as a live rail, electric rail or conductor rail, is a method of providing electric power to a railway locomotive or train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track.
The 2 × 25 kV autotransformer system is a split-phase electric power system which supplies 25 kV power to the trains, but transmits power at 50 kV to reduce energy losses. It should not be confused with the 50 kV system. In this system, the current is mainly carried between the overhead line and a feeder transmission line instead of the rail.
Power storms can knock the power out with lightning strikes on systems [18] with overhead wires, stopping trains following a power surge. During cold or frosty weather, ice may coat overhead lines. This can result in poor electrical contact between the collector and the overhead line, resulting in electrical arcing and power surges. [19]
The Deseret Power Railroad (reporting mark DPRW), formerly known as the Deseret-Western Railway, is an isolated short line between Colorado and Utah which hauls coal from Deserado Mine to Bonanza Power Plant. It was built in 1983 and opened on January 4, 1984.
He stated: "Although the top speed is 100 mph (160 km/h), the trains cannot go over 80 mph (130 km/h) well and 25% of power is lost from heat." Agreeing that conversion would be expensive, he said that the third rail network is at the limit of its power capability, especially as trains become more advanced in technology. [15]
Three-phase AC railway electrification, which promised some advantages over established DC electric rail power and steam traction, started at the turn of the twentieth century. The first standard gauge line, from 1899 to 1933, was from Burgdorf to Thun in Switzerland (40 km or 25 mi).