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In spite of these inconveniences, between 1789 and 1799, a French force mustered by Pigneau de Béhaine managed to support Gia Long in acquiring sway over the whole of Vietnam. [9] The French trained Vietnamese troops, established a navy, and built fortifications in the Vauban style, [7] such as the Citadel of Saigon or the Citadel of Duyên Khanh.
The generation of refugees from the Vietnam War usually become French citizens for economic rather than political reasons. [19] While they do not follow French politics, they follow Vietnamese politics closely and in the past played pivotal roles in the Vietnamese political landscape in the early 20th century.
The French language's presence in Vietnam began in the 18th century when French explorers and merchants began sailing near the Indochina coast. When the French replaced the Portuguese as the primary European power in Southeast Asia in the 1790s by helping to unify Vietnam under the Nguyen Dynasty and later colonizing Southern Vietnam, they introduced the French language to locals.
French–Vietnamese relations started during the early 17th century with the arrival of the Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes.Around this time, Vietnam had only just begun its "Southward"—"Nam Tiến", the occupation of the Mekong Delta, a territory being part of the Khmer Empire and to a lesser extent, the kingdom of Champa which they had defeated in 1471.
With the French Empire/French Republic taking over Vietnam at 1884, the Parisian government soon figured out a unification policy of French Indochina (comprising Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia) by ethnic assimilation, due to the ethnic heterogeneity of the region. Accordingly, the French soon tolerated a certain degree of Vietnamization process ...
The historiography of Vietnam under Chinese rule has had substantial influence from French colonial scholarship and Vietnamese postcolonial national history writing. During the 19th century, the French promoted the view that Vietnam had little of its own culture and borrowed it almost entirely from China, which was mostly wrong as Vietnamese culture emerged initially Austroasiatic.
Returners to Vietnam among this group of migrants would play significant roles in shaping Vietnam's political and social scene during the colonial era and up until the end of the Vietnam War. [5] During World War I, roughly 50,000 Vietnamese were recruited as soldiers or workers by France to help with the war effort in the ruling country ...
The Japanese occupied Vietnam during World War II but allowed the French to remain and exert some influence. At the war's end in August 1945 , a power vacuum was created in Vietnam. Capitalizing on this, the Việt Minh launched the " August Revolution " across the country to seize government offices.