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The war formally ended in 1862 when Russia promised autonomy for Chechnya and other Caucasian ethnic groups. [31] However, Chechnya and the surrounding region, including northern Dagestan, were incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Terek Oblast. Some Chechens have perceived Shamil's surrender as a betrayal, thus creating friction between ...
The 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya was an autonomous revolt against the Soviet authorities in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.Beginning in early 1940 under Hasan Israilov, it peaked in 1942 during the German invasion of North Caucasus and ended in the beginning of 1944 with the wholesale concentration and deportation of the Vainakh peoples (Chechens and Ingushes ...
The First Chechen War began in December 1994, when Russian troops were sent to Chechnya to fight the separatist forces. [51] During the Battle of Grozny (1994–95), the city's population dropped from 400,000 to 140,000. [52]
During the First Chechen War, the Chechen economy fell apart. [116] In 1994, the separatists planned to introduce a new currency, but the change did not occur due to the re-taking of Chechnya by Russian troops in the Second Chechen War. [116] The economic situation in Chechnya has improved considerably since 2000.
'Second Russian-Chechen War' [31]) took place in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the breakaway Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, from August 1999 to April 2009. In August 1999, rogue Islamists from Chechnya infiltrated Dagestan in Russia.
The economy was destroyed. Two Russian brigades were stationed in Chechnya and did not leave. [162] Chechnya had been badly damaged by the war and the economy was in a shambles. [163] Aslan Maskhadov tried to concentrate power in his hands to establish authority, but had trouble creating an effective state or a functioning economy.
When the Soviet Union existed, different governments had ruled the northern Caucasus regions of Chechnya and Ingushetia.Within the Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, later annexed into the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, they were known as the Chechen Autonomous Oblast [a] and the Ingush Autonomous Oblast, [b] which were unified on January 15, 1934, to form the ...
The Chechen genocide [12] refers to the mass casualties suffered by the Chechen people since the beginning of the Chechen–Russian conflict in the 18th century. [13] [14] The term has no legal effect, [15] although the European Parliament recognized the 1944 forced deportation of the Chechens, which killed around a third of the total Chechen population, as an act of genocide in 2004. [16]