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The modified Thompson Tau test is used to find one outlier at a time (largest value of δ is removed if it is an outlier). Meaning, if a data point is found to be an outlier, it is removed from the data set and the test is applied again with a new average and rejection region. This process is continued until no outliers remain in a data set.
Box-and-whisker plot with four mild outliers and one extreme outlier. In this chart, outliers are defined as mild above Q3 + 1.5 IQR and extreme above Q3 + 3 IQR. The interquartile range is often used to find outliers in data. Outliers here are defined as observations that fall below Q1 − 1.5 IQR or above Q3 + 1.5 IQR.
The outliers can be plotted on the box-plot as a dot, a small circle, a star, etc. (see example below). There are other representations in which the whiskers can stand for several other things, such as: One standard deviation above and below the mean of the data set; The 9th percentile and the 91st percentile of the data set
In data analysis, anomaly detection (also referred to as outlier detection and sometimes as novelty detection) is generally understood to be the identification of rare items, events or observations which deviate significantly from the majority of the data and do not conform to a well defined notion of normal behavior. [1]
An outlier is typically formed when sufficient erosion of surrounding rocks has taken place to sever the younger rock's original continuity with a larger mass of the same younger rocks nearby. One example from Great Britain is the mass of Triassic sandstone around the Staffordshire town of Leek .
Here are eight trends detached from their long-term average that should revert to the mean. 1. The percentage of workers who want full-time work but can only find part-time hours.
If the sample has mean 0, standard deviation 1 then a line through 0 with slope 1 could be used. With more points, random deviations from a line will be less pronounced. Normal plots are often used with as few as 7 points, e.g., with plotting the effects in a saturated model from a 2-level fractional factorial experiment .
A memorable outlier was the Washington Post/ABC News late-campaign poll in Wisconsin in 2020, which reported Joe Biden was 17 points ahead in the state. Biden carried Wisconsin by less than 1 point.