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Guernica is a large 1937 oil painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. [1] [2] It is one of his best-known works, regarded by many art critics as the most moving and powerful anti-war painting in history. [3]
Guernica (/ ɡ ɜːr ˈ n iː k ə, ˈ ɡ ɜːr n ɪ k ə /, [3] Spanish pronunciation: [ɡeɾˈnika]), officially Gernika (pronounced) in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain.
The first English-language media reports of the destruction in Guernica appeared two days later. George Steer , a reporter for The Times , who was covering the Spanish Civil War from inside the country, authored the first full account of events.
Guernica was exhibited in July 1937 at the Spanish Pavilion at the Paris International Exposition, and then became the centrepiece of an exhibition of 118 works by Picasso, Matisse, Braque and Henri Laurens that toured Scandinavia and England. After the victory of Francisco Franco in Spain, the painting was sent to the United States to raise ...
Guernica was a clear target of the Condor Legion, rather than the Nationalists. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] The 11 July offensive against Bilbao was supported by Condor Legion ground units and extensive air operations, proving the legion's worth to the Nationalist cause.
Guernica, founded in 1366, is the historical seat of the General Assembly of Vizcaya and it is the House of Meetings with Tree of Guernica, a symbol of Basque privileges. It is also famous worldwide for the bombing suffered in the Spanish Civil War of 1936, the subject of Picasso's painting 'Guernica'.
During the creation of Guernica, Picasso made his first studies of a weeping woman on 24 May 1937, however, it was not to be included in the composition of Guernica.An image of the weeping woman was inserted in the lower right of the painting, but this was removed by Picasso, who considered that it would upstage the agonised expressions of the four women in the painting.
In the Middle Ages, representatives of the villages of Biscay would hold assemblies under local big trees. As time passed, the role of separate assemblies was superseded by the Guernica Assembly in 1512, and its oak would acquire a symbolic meaning, with actual assemblies being held in a purpose-built hermitage-house (the current building dates from 1833).