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There is no international agreement on the vertical extent of sovereign airspace, [5] although "most states use a 100-kilometre threshold – the so-called 'Kármán Line' – to define the start of Space" and therefore the legal distinction between airspace and outer space. [6]
In such statements, "reaching the edge of space" merely refers to going higher than average aeronautical vehicles commonly would. [11] [12] There is still no international legal definition of the demarcation between a country's air space and outer space. [13] In 1963, Andrew G. Haley discussed the Kármán line in his book Space Law and ...
Title 14 CFR – Aeronautics and Space is one of the fifty titles that make up the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 14 is the principal set of rules and regulations (sometimes called administrative law) issued by the Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration, federal agencies of the United States which oversee Aeronautics and Space.
There is a growing emphasis on space law in academia. Since 1951, the McGill Faculty of Law in Montreal, Canada has hosted the Institute of Air and Space Law, and offers an LL.M. in Air and Space law. [104] The University of Mississippi School of Law publishes the world's only law journal devoted to space law, the Journal of Space Law.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) was founded in 1919 in a conference at The Hague, to foster cooperation between airlines in various commercial and legal areas. [2] The lack of uniformity in international air law, particularly with regard to the liability of international airlines, led to the Warsaw Convention of 1929.
Freedoms of the air apply to commercial aviation. [2] [3]: 145–146 The terms 'freedom' and 'right' are a shorthand way of referring to the type of international services permitted between two or more countries.
Permanent two-way radio contact with ATC is required. Permission for using airspace is required except for the special cases listed in clause 114 of the Federal rules for using Russian air space. [11] Class B is not used. Class C airspace is defined below 8,100 metres (26,600 ft) and allows IFR and VFR operations. Both IFR and VFR operations ...
Space jurisdiction, a field addressing what countries can enforce various laws in space, has become more important as the private sector enters the field of space tourism. Under the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, while space and celestial bodies cannot be appropriated by nations, objects launched into space and personnel on board them remain under ...