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Significant public bison herds that do not appear to have hybridized domestic cattle genes are the Yellowstone Park bison herd, the Henry Mountains bison herd, which was started with bison taken from Yellowstone Park, the Wind Cave bison herd, and the Wood Buffalo National Park bison herd and subsidiary herds started from it, in Canada.
The Yellowstone bison herd was the last free-ranging bison herd in the United States being the only place where bison were not extirpated. [8] The Yellowstone bison herd is descended from a remnant population of 23 individual bison that survived the mass slaughter of the 19th century in the Pelican Valley of Yellowstone Park.
American Prairie partners with native tribes who are working to restore a deeper cultural, spiritual and economic connection to bison and have agreed to contribute up to 170 bison to the herd. [12] The World Wildlife Fund is assisting with technical assistance, fundraising guidance, and connections to other organizations. [13]
American bison occupy less than one percent of their historical range with fewer than 20,000 bison in conservation herds on public, tribal or private protected lands. The roughly 500,000 animals that are raised for commercial purposes are not included unless the entity is engaged in conservation efforts.
The conservation of bison in North America is an ongoing, diverse effort to bring American bison (Bison bison) back from the brink of extinction. Plains bison , a subspecies ( Bison bison bison ), are a keystone species in the North American Great Plains .
President Theodore Roosevelt established The National Bison Range in 1908 for the conservation of bison. [2] [3] The original herd was released into the park in 1909 after being purchased by the American Bison Society and subsequently donated to the refuge. [2] [4] It consisted of 40 bison.
For American bison, a main illness is malignant catarrhal fever, [53] though brucellosis is a serious concern in the Yellowstone Park bison herd. [54] Bison in the Antelope Island bison herd are regularly inoculated against brucellosis, parasites, Clostridium infection, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and bovine vibriosis.
An 1824 traveler encountered a single bison near the modern location of the preserve and shot it. Bison were extirpated from Indiana by 1830. [4] Twenty-three American bison were introduced to the Kankakee Sands in October of 2016. The bison are from the Wind Cave National Park. [5] Bison were indigenous to Indiana until exterminated by 1790. [6]