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A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart.A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart.
Attempts to improve the design of the valve and speed manufacturing, however, led to a weaker structure, with serious consequences. Beginning in 1979, Björk–Shiley valves with the convexo-concave design had a tendency to develop fractures in the outflow strut which could result in catastrophic valve failure and possibly sudden cardiac death.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, [9] is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. [4] Classically, the four defects are: [4]
An artificial heart valve is a one-way valve implanted into a person's heart to replace a heart valve that is not functioning properly (valvular heart disease).Artificial heart valves can be separated into three broad classes: mechanical heart valves, bioprosthetic tissue valves and engineered tissue valves.
The heart is a muscular organ found in humans and other animals.This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. [1] Heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system. [2]
The cycle diagram depicts one heartbeat of the continuously repeating cardiac cycle, namely: ventricular diastole followed by ventricular systole, etc.—while coordinating with atrial systole followed by atrial diastole, etc.
The cardiac conduction system (CCS, also called the electrical conduction system of the heart) [1] transmits the signals generated by the sinoatrial node – the heart's pacemaker, to cause the heart muscle to contract, and pump blood through the body's circulatory system.
Cardiac arrest (also known as sudden cardiac arrest [SCA] [11]) is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. [12] [1] When the heart stops beating, blood cannot properly circulate around the body and the blood flow to the brain and other organs is decreased.