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Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when the brain swells rapidly, and catastrophically, after a person has a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier one have subsided. This second blow may occur minutes, days, or weeks after an initial concussion, [1] and even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to second impact syndrome. [2]
Another concussion before the symptoms of a prior concussion have resolved is associated with worse outcomes. [21] [22] Repeated concussions may also increase the risk in later life of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease and depression. [23] Video explanation of concussions in children [24]
Physiological and psychological factors present before, during, and after the injury are all thought to be involved in the development of PCS. [13] [needs update] Some experts believe post-concussion symptoms are caused by structural damage to the brain or disruption of neurotransmitter systems, resulting from the impact that caused the concussion.
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury ... team meeting to go over medical and emergency procedures an hour before kickoff. If a player exhibits or reports signs or symptoms of concussion ...
The brain may show signs of concussion for months or years after the injury occurred, according to a Canadian study of college athletes.
But the recovery time can vary. Up to about 1/3 of people experience persisting symptoms after concussion (PHAC) or persistent post concussion symptoms (PPAC), defined as symptoms that last more than 4 weeks. [5] [6] [7] After an injury, concussion symptoms can begin immediately or be and delayed by 1-2 days at most. [8]
During a radio interview on Tuesday, Ekeler spoke candidly about his concussion symptoms after he was injured in the final seconds of Washington’s 34-26 loss to the Dallas Cowboys on Nov. 24.
A young person who receives a second concussion before symptoms from another one have healed may be at risk for developing a very rare but deadly condition called second-impact syndrome, in which the brain swells catastrophically after even a mild blow, with debilitating or deadly results.