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The discovery of the existence of this type of transporter protein came from the study of the kinetics of cross-membrane molecule transport. For certain solutes it was noted that the transport velocity reached a plateau at a particular concentration above which there was no significant increase in uptake rate, indicating a log curve type response.
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins ; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances.
The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane . The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee ( HGNC ) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of ...
The alternating-access mechanism thought to underlie the transport of most MFS transport is classically described as the "rocker-switch" mechanism. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In this model, the transporter opens to either the extracellular space or cytoplasm and simultaneously seals the opposing face of the transporter, preventing a continuous pathway across ...
The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels.
There are two types of active transport: primary active transport that uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and secondary active transport that uses an electrochemical gradient. This process is in contrast to passive transport , which allows molecules or ions to move down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area ...
Members of the Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family (organic-anion-transporting polypeptides, OATP) are membrane transport proteins or 'transporters' that mediate the transport of mainly organic anions across the cell membrane. Therefore, OATPs are present in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, acting as the cell's gatekeepers.
The permeases are membrane transport proteins, a class of multipass transmembrane proteins that allow the diffusion of a specific molecule in or out of the cell in the direction of a concentration gradient, a form of facilitated diffusion. [1] The permease binding is the first step of translocation.