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A blazed diffraction grating reflecting only the green portion of the spectrum from a room's fluorescent lighting. For a diffraction grating, the relationship between the grating spacing (i.e., the distance between adjacent grating grooves or slits), the angle of the wave (light) incidence to the grating, and the diffracted wave from the grating is known as the grating equation.
A special form of a blazed grating is the echelle grating. It is characterized by particularly large blaze angle (>45°). Therefore, the light hits the short legs of the triangular grating lines instead of the long legs. Echelle gratings are mostly manufactured with larger line spacing but are optimized for higher diffraction orders.
The intensity of the diffraction pattern can be altered by tilting the grating. With reflective gratings (where the holes are replaced by a highly reflective surface), the reflective portion can be tilted (blazed) to scatter a majority of the light into the preferred direction of interest (and into a specific diffraction order). For multiple ...
The free spectral range of a diffraction grating is the largest wavelength range for a given order that does not overlap the same range in an adjacent order. If the ( m + 1)-th order of λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and m -th order of ( λ + Δ λ ) {\displaystyle (\lambda +\Delta \lambda )} lie at the same angle, then
The light diffracted by a grating is found by summing the light diffracted from each of the elements, and is essentially a convolution of diffraction and interference patterns. The figure shows the light diffracted by 2-element and 5-element gratings where the grating spacings are the same; it can be seen that the maxima are in the same ...
Visulization of flux through differential area and solid angle. As always ^ is the unit normal to the incident surface A, = ^, and ^ is a unit vector in the direction of incident flux on the area element, θ is the angle between them.
which is the generalized diffraction grating equation. Here, θ m is the angle of incidence, φ m is the angle of diffraction, λ is the wavelength, and m = 0, 1, 2... is the order of diffraction. Under certain conditions, d m ≪ λ, which can be readily obtained experimentally, the phase term becomes [7] [10]
At the bottom of the figure the light can be seen diffracting through a grating, and this pattern is reproduced at the top of the picture (one Talbot length away from the grating). At regular fractions of the Talbot length the sub-images form. The Talbot effect is a diffraction effect first observed in 1836 by Henry Fox Talbot. [1]