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Many ancient writing systems used what we now term 'the rebus principle' to represent abstract words, which otherwise would be hard to represent with pictograms. An example that illustrates the Rebus principle is the representation of the sentence "I can see you" by using the pictographs of "eye—can—sea—ewe".
Onomatopoeia is a word designed to be an imitation of a sound. [22] Example: “Bark! Bark!” went the dog as he chased the car that vroomed past. Personification [23] is the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions, [24] especially as a rhetorical figure.
Relative asemic writing is a natural writing system that can be read by some people but not by everyone (e.g. ciphers, wildstyle, etc.). Most asemic writing lies between these two extremes. [17] Influences on asemic writing are illegible, invented, or primal scripts (cave paintings, doodles, children's drawings, etc.).
Object abstraction, or simply abstraction, is a concept wherein terms for objects become used for more abstract concepts, which in some languages develop into further abstractions such as verbs and grammatical words (grammaticalisation). Abstraction is common in human language, though it manifests in different ways for different languages.
For example, logographs found within phonetic systems like English include the ampersand & and the numerals 0 , 1 , etc.—which correspond to specific words (and, zero, one, etc.) and not to the underlying sounds. [30] Most writing systems can described as mixed systems that feature elements of both phonography and morphography. [35]
The informative abstract, also known as the complete abstract, is a compendious summary of a paper's substance and its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. [23] [24] Usually between 100 and 200 words, the informative abstract summarizes the paper's structure, its major topics and key points. [23]
With regard to ideas, he asserted that we can only think of particular things that have been perceived. Names, he wrote, signify general ideas, not abstract ideas. General ideas represent any one of several particular ideas. Berkeley criticized Locke for saying that words signify general, but abstract, ideas. At the end of his Introduction, he ...
Examples of tasks that measure crystallized intelligence are vocabulary, general information, abstract word analogies, and the mechanics of language. [ 7 ] Example application of fluid and crystallized abilities to problem-solving