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Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, [1] is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth. Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin.
Acceptable post-mining land uses include commercial, residential, recreational, agricultural or public facility improvements. In open cut mines rocky material is used for backfilling the excavation. [4] A layer of soil that was stored in the premining is placed on top of the rocky material. On top of this layer is placed a layer of topsoil.
The Siilinjärvi carbonatite complex, [1] an open-pit mine owned by Yara International, in Siilinjärvi, Finland Coal strip mine in Wyoming. Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the ...
The open pit is then surrounded with a fence, to prevent access, and it generally eventually fills up with groundwater. Tailings dams are left to evaporate, then covered with waste rock, clay if need be, and soil, which is planted to stabilize it. For underground mines, rehabilitation is not always a significant problem or cost.
Soil regeneration, as a particular form of ecological regeneration within the field of restoration ecology, is creating new soil and rejuvenating soil health by: minimizing the loss of topsoil, retaining more carbon than is depleted, boosting biodiversity, and maintaining proper water and nutrient cycling. [1]
In Australia, bauxite is mined using an open-cut method. [4] This is possible because most bauxite in Australia can be found at or relatively close to the surface and is easily accessible by this method. [2] Open cut mining involves first removing the area above the bauxite ore called the overburden.
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The mine works as an open cut operation and Mount Fubilan has been reduced to a deep pit in the ground in the course of the excavation of the Ok Tedi Mine. By 31 December 2004, 8,896,577 tonnes of copper concentrate (containing 2,853,265 tonnes of copper metal and 7,035,477 troy ounces or 218.8278 tonnes of gold metal) had been mined.