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α-Naphthyl butyrate esterase, also referred to as naphthyl butyrate esterase or butyrate esterase, is a histological stain specific for white blood cells of the monocytic proliferation line. [ 1 ] References
Thus, a positive result for blood can represent the presence of red blood cells , free hemoglobin (hemoglobinuria), or myoglobin (myoglobinuria). [51] Red blood cells can sometimes be distinguished from free hemoglobin or myoglobin as the former causes a speckled pattern on the test pad while the latter results in a uniform color change.
In complicated or questionable cases, it may be useful to confirm the diagnosis via urinalysis, looking for the presence of urinary nitrites, white blood cells (leukocytes), or leukocyte esterase. [54] Another test, urine microscopy, looks for the presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, or bacteria.
The normal number of red blood cells in urine should not usually exceed 3 per high power field. [13] A urine test strip showing positive for blood can also indicate hemoglobinuria, which is not detectable using a microscope due to the lysis of red blood cells in the urinary tract (particularly in alkaline or dilute urine), or intravascular ...
Urine anion gap is calculated by subtracting the urine concentration of chloride from the concentrations of sodium plus potassium (): [3] = [+] + [+] [] where the concentrations are expressed in units of milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L).
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
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In men, urethritis is diagnosed by at least one of the following: mucopurulent or purulent urethral discharge on examination, ≥ 2 white blood cells per oil immersion field from a Gram stain of a urethral swab, or positive leukocyte esterase and/or ≥10 white blood cells per high power field of the first-void urine.