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Gait abnormality is a deviation from normal walking ().Watching a patient walk is an important part of the neurological examination. Normal gait requires that many systems, including strength, sensation and coordination, function in an integrated fashion.
The rate of amputation has decreased significantly with the introduction and optimization of revascularization to combat vascular disease. [7] An increasingly studied trend in amputation rates is the gender disparity of women receiving more surgical revascularization treatments and less amputations than male counterparts. [8] [9]
[9] [10] [11] Ainhum was first recognized as a distinct disease and described as such in detail by Brazilian physician José Francisco da Silva Lima (1826–1910), in 1867. [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The name "ainhum" (from the Yoruba ayùn , meaning "to saw" or "to file") was used to refer to the disease by Yoruba speakers in Bahia , Brazil, where ...
Toe walking is a term describing a type of walking style. Toe walking is when a person walks on their toes or the ball of their foot, without putting much or any weight on the heel or any other part of the foot. [1] Toe walking in toddlers is common. Children who toe walk as toddlers commonly adopt a heel-toe walking pattern as they grow older.
The renal clearance ratio or fractional excretion is a relative measure of the speed at which a constituent of urine passes through the kidneys. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is defined by following equation: c l e a r a n c e r a t i o o f X = C x C i n {\displaystyle clearance\ ratio\ of\ X={\frac {C_{x}}{C_{in}}}}
The above formula only applies for GFR calculation when it is equal to the clearance rate. The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area , is 100–130 average 125 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) in men and 90–120 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) in women younger than the age of 40.
Therefore, creatinine concentrations in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance (CrCl), which correlates approximately with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood creatinine concentrations may also be used alone to calculate the estimated GFR (eGFR). The GFR is clinically important as a measurement of kidney function.
The primary sign of augmented renal clearance is an increase in the creatinine clearance well above that which would be considered normal. Commonly, ARC is defined as a creatinine clearance of greater than 130 mL/min, but the effects of increased clearance on therapy are not directly correlated to a specific number.