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Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the process where breast milk is fed to a child. [1] [2] Breast milk may be from the breast, or may be pumped and fed to the infant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a baby's birth and continue as the baby wants. [3]
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
Breastfeeding enhances the mother-child bonding through manipulating the feelings of the baby and mother. A mother holds up her child, showing a maternal bond. [34] Regarding the babies, breastfeeding is a special physical interaction that provides comforting, analgesic, and relaxing effects. During weaning, breastfeeding is an approach to ...
Dr. Maria Wright, a pediatrician at Kaiser Permanente in Sacramento, Calif., says, "Breastfeeding provides a source of profound comfort and security [for a child], providing a foundation for a ...
For example, breastfeeding is often touted for its cognitive benefits because breastfed children tend to perform higher on IQ tests than non-breastfed children. But Oster says there isn’t enough ...
In 1991 the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund launched the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, which encourages breastfeeding immediately after birth by ...
Louis-Roland Trinquesse Young woman breastfeeding her child 1777. Breastfeeding, prehistorically, was the only way infants were nourished. There was no acceptable substitute for human milk for a long time. In 1 AD, philosophers were discovering the importance of breast milk versus any substitute. It was concluded that breastfeeding helped the ...
Breast pumps are used for many reasons. Many parents use them to continue breastfeeding after they return to work. They express their milk at work, which is later bottle-fed to their child by a caregiver. This use of breast milk is widespread in the United States, where paid family leave is one of the shortest in the developed world.