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Consequently, the object is in a state of static mechanical equilibrium. In classical mechanics, a particle is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on that particle is zero. [1]: 39 By extension, a physical system made up of many parts is in mechanical equilibrium if the net force on each of its individual parts is zero. [1]: 45–46 [2]
Mechanochemistry (or mechanical chemistry) is the initiation of chemical reactions by mechanical phenomena. Mechanochemistry thus represents a fourth way to cause chemical reactions, complementing thermal reactions in fluids, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. Conventionally mechanochemistry focuses on the transformations of covalent bonds ...
Partial equilibrium, the equilibrium price and quantity which come from the cross of supply and demand in a competitive market; Radner equilibrium, an economic concept defined by economist Roy Radner in the context of general equilibrium; Recursive competitive equilibrium, an economic equilibrium concept associated with a dynamic program
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. [1] This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse ...
At 298 K, a reaction with ΔG ‡ = 23 kcal/mol has a rate constant of k ≈ 8.4 × 10 −5 s −1 and a half life of t 1/2 ≈ 2.3 hours, figures that are often rounded to k ~ 10 −4 s −1 and t 1/2 ~ 2 h. Thus, a free energy of activation of this magnitude corresponds to a typical reaction that proceeds to completion overnight at room ...
Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture. [1] The most common type of phase separation is between two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water. This type of phase separation is known as liquid-liquid equilibrium.
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In the case of chemical reactions this is usually the number of particles or mole fractions, subject to the conservation of elements. At equilibrium, these will take on their equilibrium values, and the internal energy will be a function only of the chosen value of entropy . By the definition of the Legendre transform, the Helmholtz free energy ...