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An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
An electron-withdrawing group (EWG) is a group or atom that has the ability to draw electron density toward itself and away from other adjacent atoms. [1] This electron density transfer is often achieved by resonance or inductive effects.
Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure. As a result, the energy of activation decreases, enhancing the rate of the overall reaction. According to the captodative effect, the rate of a reaction is the greatest when both the EDG and EWG are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure. [7]
You may be familiar with the Environmental Working Group (EWG) because they release a list of the most pesticide-filled produce every year called The Dirty Dozen. They also establish the produce ...
The EWG withdraws electron density by resonance and effectively stabilizes the negative charge that is generated. The corresponding plot will show a positive rho value. In the case of a nucleophilic acyl substitution the effect of the substituent, X, of the non-leaving group can in fact accelerate the rate of the nucleophilic addition reaction ...
An electric effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of a molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. [1] In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule.
Examples of Lewis bases based on the general definition of electron pair donor include: simple anions, such as H − and F −; other lone-pair-containing species, such as H 2 O, NH 3, HO −, and CH 3 −; complex anions, such as sulfate; electron-rich π-system Lewis bases, such as ethyne, ethene, and benzene
EWG may refer to: Eastern Washington Gateway Railroad , an American railroad East-West Gateway Council of Governments , a planning organization in Greater St. Louis, United States