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Pyruvic acid (CH 3 COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate , the conjugate base , CH 3 COCOO − , is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.
Urinalysis, a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis, [1] is a panel of medical tests that includes physical (macroscopic) examination of the urine, chemical evaluation using urine test strips, and microscopic examination.
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [2] [3] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up analysis of patients treated for urinary tract cancers.
Indole test positive: appearance of pink layer at top (e.g. Escherichia coli) Like many biochemical tests on bacteria, results of an indole test are indicated by a change in color following a reaction with an added reagent.
Sample of human urine. Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. In placental mammals, urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder and exits the urethra through the penis or vulva during urination.
Pyruvate decarboxylation requires a few cofactors in addition to the enzymes that make up the complex. The first is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which is used by pyruvate dehydrogenase to oxidize pyruvate and to form a hydroxyethyl-TPP intermediate. This intermediate is taken up by dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and reacted with a second ...
Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase, or PPDK (EC 2.7.9.1) is an enzyme in the family of transferases that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + pyruvate + phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } AMP + phosphoenolpyruvate + diphosphate