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The implied author, narrator, narratee, and implied reader are immanent to the text and are constructed from the narrative itself. In this diagram, the implied author is the real author’s persona that the reader assembles from their reading of the narrative. [3] Although the implied author is not the real author of a work, he or she is the ...
The reader's activities are confined within limits set by the literary work. Two of Iser's reading assumptions have influenced reading-response criticism of the New Testament. The first is the role of the reader, who is active, not passive, in the production of textual meaning. The reader fills in the "gaps" or areas of "indeterminacy" of the text.
New Narrative, at its worst, would be, 'I have sex and I'm smarter than you.'" [8] In an interview, Kevin Killian said that the New Narrative authors agreed with the Language Poets' ideas of transforming narrative structure, for example, challenging the hierarchical relationship between author and reader, but they thought language poetry lacked ...
According to Ousby, 'Among modern critical uses of psychoanalysis is the development of "ego psychology" in the work of Norman Holland, who concentrates on the relations between reader and text' [14] – as with reader response criticism. Rollin writes that 'Holland's experiments in reader response theory suggest that we all read literature ...
Media theory focuses on the effects that can come from utilizing new media, like new textual experiences and new ways of representing the world. One effect is the changing relationship between subjects and technologies, especially in relation to identity and community. [8]
A first-person point of view reveals the story through an openly self-referential and participating narrator. First person creates a close relationship between the narrator and reader, by referring to the viewpoint character with first person pronouns like I and me (as well as we and us, whenever the narrator is part of a larger group). [10]
According to the studies of James Curran, the system of shared values among editors in Britain has generated a pressure among authors to write to fit the editors' expectations, removing the focus from the reader-audience and putting a strain on the relationship between authors and editors and on writing as a social act.
Mar et al., in a study of 94 participants, identified that the primary mode of literature that increases empathy is fiction, as opposed to non-fiction. [5] Other studies verify these results and go on to specify that active fiction in particular engages with the reader and affects the reader’s empathy, at the very least in adults, rather than passive, entertainment fiction. [6]