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Phenacetin ⓘ (acetophenetidin, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide [1]) is a pain-relieving and fever-reducing drug, which was widely used following its introduction in 1887. It was withdrawn from medicinal use as dangerous from the 1970s (e.g., withdrawn in Canada in 1973, [2] and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1983 [3]).
Polar liquids have a tendency to be more viscous than nonpolar liquids. [citation needed] For example, nonpolar hexane is much less viscous than polar water. However, molecule size is a much stronger factor on viscosity than polarity, where compounds with larger molecules are more viscous than compounds with smaller molecules.
Acetanilide can be produced by reacting acetic anhydride with aniline: [7]. C 6 H 5 NH 2 + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → C 6 H 5 NHCOCH 3 + CH 3 COOH. The preparation used to be a traditional experiment in introductory organic chemistry lab classes, [8] but it has now been widely replaced by the preparation of either paracetamol or aspirin, both of which teach the same practical techniques (especially ...
Trademarked in 1918, Anacin is one of the oldest brands of pain relievers in the United States. It originally contained acetophenetidin (phenacetin) and was promoted as "aspirin-free relief," but was reformulated in the 1980s following the FDA's ruling to withdraw phenacetin from the market in 1983 due to concerns over its carcinogenic ...
It is also used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of bucetin, phenacetin, ethoxyquin, and phenacaine. p-Phenetidine has high renal toxicity [3] and it is believed to be responsible for the adverse effects that led to the withdrawal of phenacetin and bucetin from pharmaceutical use. p-Phenetidine is also a possible mutagen. [4]
The hydrophobic effect was found to be entropy-driven at room temperature because of the reduced mobility of water molecules in the solvation shell of the non-polar solute; however, the enthalpic component of transfer energy was found to be favorable, meaning it strengthened water-water hydrogen bonds in the solvation shell due to the reduced ...
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The hydrophobic effect is the desire for non-polar molecules to aggregate in aqueous solutions in order to separate from water. [22] This phenomenon leads to minimum exposed surface area of non-polar molecules to the polar water molecules (typically spherical droplets), and is commonly used in biochemistry to study protein folding and other ...