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Most terrestrial ungulates use the hoofed tips of their toes to support their body weight while standing or moving. Two other orders of ungulates, Notoungulata and Litopterna, both native to South America, became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal".
Other cloven-hooved animals (such as giraffes and pronghorns) have no dewclaws. In some so-called "cloven-hooved" animals, such as camels, the "hoof" is not properly a hoof – it is not a hard or rubbery sole with a hard wall formed by a thick nail – instead it is a soft toe with little more than a nail merely having an appearance of a hoof.
The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes (including goat-antelopes), sheep and goats. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, the family Bovidae consists of 11 (or two) major subfamilies and thirteen ...
Skeletons of a human and an elephant. Comparative foot morphology involves comparing the form of distal limb structures of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates.Understanding the role that the foot plays for each type of organism must take account of the differences in body type, foot shape, arrangement of structures, loading conditions and other variables.
Horns are projections from the top of the head. True horns are found mainly among: Ruminant artiodactyls. Antilocapridae (); Bovidae (cattle, goats, antelopes etc.).; Giraffidae: Giraffids have a pair of skin covered bony bumps on their heads, called ossicones.
[8] [9] With an average length of 45 cm (18 in) and an average height of 30 cm (12 in), the Java mouse-deer is the smallest surviving ungulate (hoofed) mammal, as well as the smallest artiodactyl (even-toed ungulate). [8] Despite their common name of "mouse deer", they are not closely related to true deer.
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Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla (/ ˌ ɑːr t i oʊ ˈ d æ k t ɪ l ə / AR-tee-oh-DAK-tih-lə, from Ancient Greek ἄρτιος, ártios 'even' and δάκτυλος, dáktylos 'finger, toe').