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The cephalothorax, also called prosoma, is composed of two primary surfaces: a dorsal carapace and a ventral sternum.Most external appendages on the spider are attached to the cephalothorax, including the eyes, chelicerae and other mouthparts, pedipalps and legs.
The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. [1] The terms prosoma and opisthosoma are equivalent to cephalothorax and abdomen in some groups.
Cephalothorax or prosoma: One of the two main body parts , located towards the anterior end, composed of the head (cephalic region or caput) and the thorax (thoracic region), the two regions being separated by the cervical groove; covered by the carapace and bearing the eyes, legs, pedipalps and mouthparts [3]
In spiders, the cephalothorax and abdomen are joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, which enables the abdomen to move independently when producing silk. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is covered by a single, convex carapace, while the underside is covered by two rather flat plates. The abdomen is soft and egg-shaped.
The bodies of many arachnids, such as spiders, have two tagmata, as do the bodies of some crustaceans: in both groups the anterior tagma may be called the cephalothorax (meaning head plus chest) or the prosoma or prosome (meaning "fore-part of body"). The posterior tagma may be called the abdomen.
The southern house spider (Kukulcania hibernalis) is a common brown spider that is overall brown in color with a dark brown stripe extending from its eyes down its cephalothorax and has a bulbous ...
While the term cephalothorax implies a fused cephalon (head) and thorax, there is currently neither fossil nor embryological evidence that arachnids ever had a separate thorax-like division. Likewise, the 'abdomen' of many arachnids contains organs atypical of an abdomen, such as a heart and respiratory organs.
The largest of these spiders can skate across water, chase down their prey, reach 4-4.5 inches in length and can be found in your own backyard.