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The momentum transfer plays an important role in the evaluation of neutron, X-ray, and electron diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter. Laue-Bragg diffraction occurs on the atomic crystal lattice, conserves the wave energy and thus is called elastic scattering, where the wave numbers final and incident particles, and , respectively, are equal and just the direction changes by a ...
In engineering, physics, and chemistry, the study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, charge, momentum and angular momentum between observed and studied systems. While it draws from fields as diverse as continuum mechanics and thermodynamics , it places a heavy emphasis on the commonalities between the topics covered.
chemistry (ratio of activation energy to thermal energy) [1] Atomic weight: M: chemistry (mass of one atom divided by the atomic mass constant, 1 Da) Bodenstein number: Bo or Bd = / = chemistry (residence-time distribution; similar to the axial mass transfer Peclet number) [2]
In physics, and especially scattering theory, the momentum-transfer cross section (sometimes known as the momentum-transport cross section [1]) is an effective scattering cross section useful for describing the average momentum transferred from a particle when it collides with a target. Essentially, it contains all the information about a ...
is the momentum-transfer collision frequency, m {\displaystyle m} is the mass. Mobility is related to the species' diffusion coefficient D {\displaystyle D} through an exact (thermodynamically required) equation known as the Einstein relation : μ = q k T D , {\displaystyle \mu ={\frac {q}{kT}}D,} where
The transfer of momentum between molecules is explicitly accounted for in Revised Enskog theory, which relaxes the requirement of a gas being dilute. The viscosity equation further presupposes that there is only one type of gas molecules, and that the gas molecules are perfect elastic and hard core particles of spherical shape.
In nuclear physics, atomic recoil is the result of the interaction of an atom with an energetic elementary particle, when the momentum of the interacting particle is transferred to the atom as a whole without altering non-translational degrees of freedom of the atom.
Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component) to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes ...